What is the main difference between single-phase and three-phase power?

The main difference between single-phase and three-phase power lies in the number of waveforms produced. In single-phase power, there is only one alternating current (AC) waveform that fluctuates in voltage over time. This means that power is delivered in a single, sinusoidal curve.

On the other hand, three-phase power consists of three separate AC waveforms. These waveforms are spaced 120 degrees apart from each other, which allows for a more constant and reliable power supply. The three-phase configuration is more efficient in transmitting electrical energy, as it can carry more power with less current, which reduces losses in the electrical system. This makes three-phase power ideal for industrial applications and heavy machinery.

The other options do not accurately reflect the fundamental differences. The notion that single-phase has a single voltage level while three-phase has multiple levels is not correct since both configurations can be designed for various voltage levels. The statement about efficiency does not acknowledge that three-phase systems are typically considered more efficient than single-phase systems for larger loads. Lastly, while it is true that single-phase systems might require less equipment for smaller applications, this is not a defining characteristic of the difference between single-phase and three-phase power systems.