What is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in the first orbit of an atom?

The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an orbit of an atom is determined by the formula 2N², where N represents the principal quantum number, which indicates the energy level or shell of the atom.

In the case of the first orbit (or first energy level), N is equal to 1. When we apply the formula:

2N² = 2(1)² = 2 * 1 = 2

This shows that the first orbit can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. This is consistent with the structure of the atom, where the first shell or energy level is filled with only 2 electrons, corresponding to the first two elements in the periodic table: hydrogen and helium.

The other options do not accurately reflect the capacity of the first orbit. For instance, while the second orbit can accommodate up to 8 electrons, and the third can hold even more, these values do not pertain to the first orbit, which is specifically limited to 2 due to the principles of quantum mechanics that govern electron configuration. Thus, the correct understanding revolves around the specific application of the formula 2N² for the first shell.